Pedalling memory: ethical, emotional and technological dimensions of holocaust memorial cycling as a form of mobile commemorative leisure

Holocaust memorial cycling represents a form of mobile commemorative leisure grounded in cycling practice, where physical movement, ethical reflection, and emotional engagement intersect across landscapes marked by atrocity. As an organized cycling practice, it situates remembrance within embodied mobility rather than static heritage visitation. This study conceptualizes memorial cycling as embodied leisure in which remembrance emerges through cycling experiences shaped by moral purpose, technological mediation, and sociocultural selectivity. Drawing on a survey of 881 cyclists and employing factor analysis and structural equation modelling, seven dimensions were identified: participation motivation, emotional reflection, ethical concerns, recreational engagement, technology potential, technology acceptance, and future impact. Findings show that cycling-based leisure practices structure engagement with commemorative landscapes, with remembrance emerging as an experiential outcome of embodied mobility, while remaining shaped by ethical expectations associated with Holocaust memory.